Which statement best defines a primary source in historical research?

• A. A source that analyzes, interprets, or critiques primary sources
• B. An artifact or document created at the time under study
• C. A modern reinterpretation
• D. A summarized encyclopedia entry

Answer: (B)

When thinking about historical evidence, the key idea is firsthand material from the time being studied. A primary source is an artifact or document created at that time, offering direct evidence about the period, events, or people involved—things like a diary, a letter, an official record, or an original photograph or artifact.

This kind of source is valued for its immediacy and direct connection to the past, without the filter of later interpretation. Other options describe sources that provide analysis or reinterpretation of the past rather than presenting original, contemporaneous material.