Which statement best captures the long-term consequences of PKP's landmark land policy?

• A. Equity gains and productivity challenges
• B. Equity gains only
• C. Productivity gains only
• D. No change

Answer: (C)

When weighing long-term outcomes of a landmark land policy, it’s helpful to separate two possible effects: changes in productivity (output and efficiency) and changes in equity (how land is owned and who benefits).

In this case, the policy led to sustained improvements in agricultural productivity. Reasons include better incentives for investment, more efficient use of land, adoption of new practices or inputs, and improved irrigation or infrastructure that raised yields over time. These gains reflect a shift in how effectively land is used.

At the same time, the policy did not produce lasting, widespread equity gains. Redistribution or broader shifts in land ownership either did not occur fully, or the benefits did not spread evenly, leaving land ownership patterns largely intact or reforms insufficient to create broad-based equality.

So the long-term takeaway is that productivity increased, even though equity improvements were limited. That’s why the statement emphasizing productivity gains only best captures the outcome.