What is decolonization, and when did many former colonies gain independence?

• A. The process of becoming independent from colonial powers; most gained independence after WWII through the 1960s-70s
• B. A process of strengthening colonial empires during the 19th century
• C. The end of global trade networks
• D. The consolidation of colonial administration into larger empires

Answer: (A)

Decolonization is the process by which colonies gain independence from colonial powers and end formal imperial rule, becoming sovereign states. A major wave of decolonization occurred after World War II, as weakened European powers could not sustain large empires. Nationalist movements, the principle of self-determination promoted by international bodies, and global anti-imperialist sentiment helped many colonies achieve independence, especially in the 1950s and 1960s, with some occurring in the early 1970s. This timing distinguishes it from the other options, which describe ways of strengthening or maintaining empires, rather than dissolving them.