What does de jure governance refer to in PKP history?

• A. De jure governance refers to what is legally established.
• B. De jure governance is the actual practice of power.
• C. De facto governance is the formal constitution.
• D. De jure and de facto are interchangeable terms.

Answer: (A)

De jure governance means the authority that is legally established and officially sanctioned. In PKP history, this refers to the formal, lawfully recognized framework of government—the constitution, statutes, and official offices that define who is authorized to govern and how decisions are supposed to be made. It is the structure that exists on paper and in legal terms, even if the people who actually hold real power in day-to-day practice (the de facto side) differ from what the law says. So the idea is that de jure governance is about legality and formal authority, not about who actually exercises power in practice.